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Chilean Patagonia, located at the southwestern tip of South America, is one of the last regions on earth where highly intact environments predominate. With a coastline that extends along some 100,000 km of fjords, channels, and islands, it has one of the world´s most extensive marine-terrestrial interfaces. Local place-based and Indigenous cultures and management practices are a vital presence across the region, while the long and rich history of conservation efforts have resulted in officially protected areas covering over 50% of the land and 41% of the coastal-marine area. However, Chilean Patagonia is increasingly facing anthropogenic pressures associated with increased infrastructure and access, salmon aquaculture, extractive industries, and the spread of invasive exotic species. Despite widespread recognition that Chilean Patagonia represents a unique global reservoir of socio-natural heritage, to date there has been no region-wide assessment of the scientific evidence of the conservation status of its ecosystems or the priorities for their effective conservation. Conservation in Chilean Patagonia: Assessing the state of knowledge, opportunities, and challenges is the first book to gather and synthesize the available scientific and socio-environmental information related to Patagonian conservation. It presents the collaborative work of 68 researchers and local experts, representing a range of specialties and perspectives, including: biology, ecology, socio-ecology, fisheries, aquaculture, anthropology, economics, geography, tourism, cryosphere, oceanography, climate and global change. The book’s 18 chapters focus on the status of key ecosystems and conservation tools, and provide recommendations toward the construction of a renewed, inclusive, and integrated conservation agenda for the Chilean Patagonian region. It provides an essential primer for anyone interested in the future of this ecologically vital region, as well as lessons on interdisciplinary collaboration and integrated analysis of conservation issues useful for conservation practitioners and scholars. This is an open access book. This book is a translation of an original Spanish edition. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation.
Conservation biology. --- Ecology. --- Freshwater ecology. --- Marine ecology. --- Oceanography. --- Biogeography. --- Biodiversity. --- Conservation Biology. --- Freshwater and Marine Ecology. --- Biooceanography. --- Biogeosciences.
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The overall objective of Reservoir Eutrophication: Preventive Management is to present the environmental and anthropogenic factors associated with the process of eutrophication and algal blooms in the Rio Verde reservoir and propose lake use and management technologies in order to minimize the problem. Eutrophication process in Rio Verde reservoir with the occurrence of intense algal blooms is a consequence of the interconnection of different climatological, hydrological, morphological, physico-chemical and biological factors, which occur not only in the watershed but also in the reservoir. Reservoir Eutrophication: Preventive Management compiles the information gathered from the development of a broad research program in Rio Verde watershed, from 2008 until 2010. Rio Verde reservoir, which was built in 1976, is located in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, capital of the state of Paran? in South Brazil. This reservoir is mainly used for supplying water to one of PETROBRAS Refinery. However, the reservoir is to be used for supplying drinking water to the population and that is why better understanding this system dynamics is a great concern. The book is the result of an interdisciplinary research program, which has involved more than 150 researchers, with the aim of defining a watershed management preventive system in order to prevent eutrophication processes. This way, the book combines academic rigor with practical applicability and is of interest for both researchers and technologists working in watershed management. Reservoir Eutrophication: Preventive Management is of interest to researchers and technologists that wish to examine specific characteristics of tropical climates. It is of specific interest to developing countries and for researchers interested in knowing the developed methodology adapted for temperate conditions.
Eutrophication --- Reservoir ecology --- Watershed ecology --- Watershed management --- Watershed development --- Watersheds --- Ecosystem management --- Ecology --- Reservoirs --- Freshwater ecology --- Lake ecology --- Limnology --- Lake restoration --- Management
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Sex in Cetaceans provides an up-to-date review of multi-faceted aspects related to mating and reproduction in toothed and baleen whales. This open access book begins with discussions of sexual selection and anatomical traits related to mating and diversity between the sexes. The functions of non-conceptive copulations are reviewed as are different research techniques applied to explore sex in cetaceans. Authors and editors build knowledge of female and male social, mating, and parental strategies and tactics for several specific toothed dolphin/porpoise/whale species and baleen whale species. It concludes with a discussion of potential conservation efforts and ways to help especially beleaguered species and populations the world over. The volume is intended as a major primer of cetacean sex for undergraduate and graduate students, new and established researchers in the field, and the public wishing to learn more.
Freshwater ecology. --- Marine ecology. --- Animal culture. --- Vertebrates. --- Sexual selection. --- Freshwater and Marine Ecology. --- Animal Science. --- Vertebrate Zoology. --- Sexual Selection. --- Cetacea --- Marine mammals --- Behavior.
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For many people, thoughts of the United Arab Emirates conjure images of ultramodern skyscrapers and rolling sand dunes. However, the Emirates are a rich mosaic of ecosystems and habitats that support surprisingly diverse communities of organisms, and there is growing awareness of the importance of these previously underappreciated natural assets. A Natural History of the Emirates provides a comprehensive overview of the unusual environmental setting of this young nation, and surveys the major ecosystems and the marine and terrestrial organisms occurring across the nation. From freshwater streams in the hyperarid Hajar Mountains to the world’s most temperature-tolerant coral reefs, the UAE is home to an astounding variety of uniquely adapted organisms that are providing insights into climate change and how organisms cope with and respond to extreme environmental conditions. The book closes with a section on human interactions with this unique environment, and proposes initiatives to ensure the protection of these unique natural assets into the future. This is an open access book.
Biodiversity. --- Freshwater ecology. --- Marine ecology. --- Animal culture. --- Human ecology --- Biotic communities. --- Geography. --- Freshwater and Marine Ecology. --- Animal Science. --- Environmental Studies. --- Ecosystems. --- Regional Geography. --- Study and teaching.
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Le lac Tchad et son avenir sont au cœur des préoccupations politiques régionales et internationales. Cet espace vital, à la charnière de l'Afrique de l'Ouest et de l'Afrique centrale, a longtemps fasciné, depuis les géographes arabes au Moyen-Âge jusqu'aux explorateurs européens du XIXe siècle. Il suscite aujourd'hui des interrogations fortes sur l'environnement, l'eau, le climat et le développement régional. Le lac Tchad va-t-il s'assécher ? Quelles seraient alors les conséquences pour les 13 millions d'hommes qui en dépendent, sur un rayon de 300 km ? Les discours publics qui traitent de l'avenir du lac Tchad, le plus souvent alarmistes, sont dans l'ensemble sources d'une grande confusion et entretiennent une image brouillée de la situation. Une connaissance précise des réalités est pourtant nécessaire pour construire une vision partagée de cet avenir et adopter une stratégie qui permette de relever les défis du développement durable du lac. La Commission du bassin du lac Tchad (CBLT) a commandé à l'Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD) une expertise collégiale sur la préservation et le développement du lac Tchad. Cette expertise, réalisée par un collège d'experts pluridisciplinaire et paritaire Nord-Sud, recense les connaissances actuelles sur le lac et identifie les différents choix politiques susceptibles de stimuler son développement. Elle aboutit à une série de recommandations utiles aux décideurs politiques en matière de soutenabilité environnementale, de sécurité alimentaire et d'emploi. The future of Lake Chad is at the centre of regional and international political concerns. This natural habitat that links West and Central Africa fascinated Arab geographers in the Middle Ages and, later, European explorers in the 19th century. Today, it raises important questions about the environment, water, climate, and regional development. Will Lake Chad dry up? What then would be the consequences for the 13 million humans within a radius of 300 km who…
Water resources development --- Sustainable development --- Lake ecology --- Chad, Lake, Region --- Chad Basin --- Economic conditions --- Lacustrine ecology --- Lakes --- Lentic ecology --- Freshwater ecology --- Reservoir ecology --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Energy development --- Natural resources --- Water-supply --- Ecology --- Environmental aspects --- Bassin Tchadien --- écologie --- développement durable --- eau --- lac Tchad --- planification --- gestion des ressources
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This open access book reviews the importance of ecological functioning within rangelands considering the complex inter-relationships of production agriculture, ecosystem services, biodiversity, and wildlife habitat. More than half of all lands worldwide, and up to 70% of the western USA, are classified as rangelands—uncultivated lands that often support grazing by domestic livestock. The rangelands of North America provide a vast array of goods and services, including significant economic benefit to local communities, while providing critical habitat for hundreds of species of fish and wildlife. This book provides compendium of recent data and synthesis from more than 100 experts in wildlife and rangeland ecology in Western North America. It provides a current and in-depth synthesis of knowledge related to wildlife ecology in rangeland ecosystems, and the tools used to manage them, to serve current and future wildlife biologists and rangeland managers in the working landscapes of the West. The book also identifies information gaps and serves as a jumping-off point for future research of wildlife in rangeland ecosystems. While the content focuses on wildlife ecology and management in rangelands of Western North America, the material has important implications for rangeland ecosystems worldwide.
Ecology. --- Conservation biology. --- Zoology. --- Animal culture. --- Biotic communities. --- Freshwater ecology. --- Marine ecology. --- Conservation Biology. --- Animal Science. --- Ecosystems. --- Freshwater and Marine Ecology. --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Ecology --- Population biology --- Biological oceanography --- Marine ecosystems --- Ocean --- Aquatic ecology --- Fresh water --- Fresh-water ecology --- Animal husbandry --- Husbandry, Animal --- Zoology, Economic --- Biology --- Natural history --- Animals --- Nature conservation --- Balance of nature --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences
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Home to over 80 percent of all life on Earth, the ocean is the world’s largest carbon sink and a key source of food and economic security for billions of people. The relevance of the ocean for humanity's future is undisputed. However, the ocean’s great potential to drive economic growth and equitable job creation, sustain healthy ecosystems, and mitigate climate change is not yet fully recognised. Lack of awareness of this potential as well as management and governance challenges pose impediments. Until these impediments are removed, ocean ecosystems will continue to be degraded and opportunities for people lost. A transition and a clear path to a thriving and vibrant relationship between humans and the ocean are urgently needed. This open access collection of papers and reports identifies a path that is inspired by science, energised by engaged people, and emboldened by visionary leaders. These assessments of knowledge are commissioned by the High Level Panel for a Sustainable Ocean Economy (Ocean Panel), which was established in September 2018 as a unique initiative led by heads of state and government from around the world, to showcase the latest leading-edge science, knowledge and state-of-the-art thinking on key ocean issues. Altogether, The Blue Compendium offers innovative ocean solutions in technology, policy, governance, and finance realms, that could help accelerate a transition to a more sustainable and prosperous relationship with the ocean. The comprehensive assessments have already informed policy making at the highest levels of government and motivated an impressive array of responsive and ambitious action across a growing network of leaders in business, finance and civil society. .
Freshwater ecology. --- Marine ecology. --- Biodiversity. --- Ecology. --- Oceanography. --- Environmental education. --- Welfare economics. --- Freshwater and Marine Ecology. --- Biooceanography. --- Environmental and Sustainability Education. --- Social Economy. --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Social policy --- Education --- Oceanology --- Thalassography --- Earth sciences --- Marine sciences --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Biological oceanography --- Marine ecosystems --- Ocean --- Aquatic ecology --- Fresh water --- Fresh-water ecology --- Ecology --- Marine ecosystem management.
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In many parts of the world, freshwater is a subject of frequent and intense large-scale disturbances. Pollution, water withdrawal, alteration of freshwater flows, road construction, aquifer mining, surface water diversion, desertification, wetland drainage, soil erosion in agriculture, deforestation, and dam building have led to some irreversible species losses and severe changes in community compositions of freshwater ecosystems. Pollution represents one of the most relevant impacts on freshwater environments, ranging from surface water bodies—such as springs, streams, rivers, lakes, and intermittent waterbodies—to groundwater and transitional habitats between surface waters and groundwaters. The origins and fates of pollutants are different and depend on various pollutants, including fertilizers with pesticides in agricultural areas, heavy metals, chlorinated organic compounds, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are predominantly derived from industrial and urban settlements. Another pollutant is microplastics, which can increase in concentration in freshwater bodies and constitute emerging contaminants in freshwater systems when taken together with pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PCPs), and endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs). The broad distribution of several pollutants leads to significant changes of freshwater ecosystems, together with the extinction of the most sensitive species or the drastic lowering in abundances of others, thus altering community compositions and the ecosystem services provided by freshwater biodiversity.
multiple stressors --- pesticides --- freshwater ecology --- ecotoxicology --- synergism --- resource limitation --- population density --- groundwater --- karst aquifer --- pollution --- quarry --- Apuan Alps --- groundwater ecology --- stygofauna --- stygobite --- aquifer --- syncarida --- crustaceans --- copepods --- stygobiotic --- traits --- nitrate --- ammonium --- nitrite --- nitrogen --- contamination --- AQUALIFE software --- groundwater dependent ecosystems --- threats --- biodiversity --- abundance-size scaling theory --- benthos --- hyporheos --- freshwater communities --- pharmaceuticals --- large scale survey --- Biolog EcoPlatesTM --- flow cytometry --- microbial community --- metabolic fingerprint --- groundwater quality --- hydrogeochemistry --- Chironomidae --- Chironomus plumosus larvae --- mentum deformities --- freshwater contamination --- Lake Trasimeno --- platinum --- bioaccumulation --- passive sample --- freshwater clam --- Corbicula fluminalis africana --- diet --- Triturus carnifex --- mountain karst ponds --- microplastics --- heavy metals --- EOCs --- landfill --- marble slurry --- neonicotinoids --- software
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The study of marine environments inevitably involves considering the problem of marine pollution, which includes questions that focus on the essential need to ensure the long-term health of these exceptional ecosystems and the lives and livelihoods they support. The open access textbook "Marine Pollution: monitoring, management and mitigation" approaches these questions in a practical and highly readable format. It gives newcomers to the field background and perspective through the first comprehensive, multidisciplinary exploration of the topic. The topic is indeed complex, requiring the integration of the natural sciences and chemistry with management, policymakers, industry and all of us who are users of the marine environment. The textbook was written by leading experts to especially prepare graduates for a career in marine pollution studies. At the same time, it is relevant for anyone invested in the marine environment with a will to reduce their impacts. The chapters can easily be used independently and are also connected through the cross-referencing of related content. The introductory chapter provides a historical account of marine pollution and explores the fundamental physicochemical conditions of seawater. Two full chapters cover the requisite resources for ensuring success in field and laboratory studies. Then, chapter by chapter the book dives into to the various types of marine pollutants. In closing, it discusses the challenges of understanding multiple stressors and presents mitigation and restoration practices, along with a global overview of marine pollution legislation. We envisioned this textbook as being open access for the very reason we created it: this topic calls for global contributions and champions, and financial restraints should not limit access to this knowledge.
Marine pollution. --- Marine environment pollution --- Marine water pollution --- Ocean pollution --- Offshore water pollution --- Sea pollution --- Seawater --- Coastal zone management --- Oceanography --- Pollution --- Water --- Marine resources conservation --- Oceanography. --- Pollution. --- Freshwater ecology. --- Marine ecology. --- Environment. --- Ocean Sciences. --- Freshwater and Marine Ecology. --- Environmental Sciences. --- Fresh water --- Fresh-water ecology --- Aquatic ecology --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Biological oceanography --- Marine ecosystems --- Ocean --- Chemical pollution --- Chemicals --- Contamination of environment --- Environmental pollution --- Contamination (Technology) --- Asbestos abatement --- Bioremediation --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental quality --- Factory and trade waste --- Hazardous waste site remediation --- Hazardous wastes --- In situ remediation --- Lead abatement --- Pollutants --- Refuse and refuse disposal --- Oceanology --- Thalassography --- Earth sciences --- Marine sciences --- Ecology --- Environmental aspects
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The world of mites, being exceptionally diverse and rich, may be analysed both in historical and geographical terms. It is commonly known that these tiny, ubiquitous invertebrates are found both in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems; additionally, they are relatively abundant in aeroplankton. The species composition and character of their assemblages vary, and they are different in the polar, temperate and tropical regions. All the above-mentioned factors force scientists to apply a unique approach to research problems and specifically define the aims of their investigations. The Diversity Special Issue on "Biodiversity of Mites" contains complex acarological issues including zoogeographic, ecological and parasitological research conducted in several regions of the world. The results of the presented research concern various taxonomic groups of mites occurring in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Therefore, they can be an inspiration to search for new research directions and solve contemporary scientific problems.
leaf domatia–mite mutualism --- Coffea arabica --- mite diversity --- edge effect --- South Africa --- Arrenurus --- Lebertia quinquemaculosa --- Lake St. Clair Metropark --- Belle Isle --- Detroit --- phoresy --- mesocosm --- Diptera --- freshwater ecology --- Arctic --- Oribatida --- faunistics --- taxonomic diversity --- distribution --- checklist --- arctic species --- arctic-boreal species --- mites --- Cerambycidae --- natural forest --- Oodinychus --- Trichouropoda --- Monochamus --- Plagionotus --- Tetropium --- oat straw mulch --- barley straw mulch --- biological control --- two-spotted spider mite --- edaphic mites --- lifestyle --- tree related microhabitats --- 18S rRNA --- phylogeny --- ancestral state reconstruction --- sensillus --- Acariformes --- Demodecidae --- Prostigmata --- diversity --- parasites --- Acari --- biogeography --- geographical variability --- Mesostigmata --- neotropical region --- palearctic species --- range of occurrence --- Rotundabaloghia --- species identification --- Uropoda (Phaulodinychus) penicillata --- spring ecology --- crenal diversity --- crenal water mites --- spring morphology --- Astigmata --- Endeostigmata --- climate change --- Svalbard --- COI --- Yucatan Peninsula --- assemblages --- richness --- mesofauna --- prospection --- n/a --- leaf domatia-mite mutualism
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